Integrand size = 10, antiderivative size = 114 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {\arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [3]{a}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt {3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt {3} a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}} \]
-1/3*ln(a^(1/3)-b^(1/3)*x)/a^(2/3)/b^(1/3)+1/6*ln(a^(2/3)+a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)* x+b^(2/3)*x^2)/a^(2/3)/b^(1/3)+1/3*arctan(1/3*(a^(1/3)+2*b^(1/3)*x)/a^(1/3 )*3^(1/2))/a^(2/3)/b^(1/3)*3^(1/2)
Time = 0.01 (sec) , antiderivative size = 89, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.78 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {1+\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}}{\sqrt {3}}\right )-2 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )+\log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}} \]
(2*Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 + (2*b^(1/3)*x)/a^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]] - 2*Log[a^(1/3) - b ^(1/3)*x] + Log[a^(2/3) + a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2/3)*x^2])/(6*a^(2/3)*b^( 1/3))
Time = 0.25 (sec) , antiderivative size = 110, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 7, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.700, Rules used = {750, 16, 1142, 27, 1082, 217, 1103}
Below are the steps used by Rubi to obtain the solution. The rule number used for the transformation is given above next to the arrow. The rules definitions used are listed below.
\(\displaystyle \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 750 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{b} x+2 \sqrt [3]{a}}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx}{3 a^{2/3}}+\frac {\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x}dx}{3 a^{2/3}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 16 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{b} x+2 \sqrt [3]{a}}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx}{3 a^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1142 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {3}{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \int \frac {1}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx+\frac {\int \frac {\sqrt [3]{b} \left (2 \sqrt [3]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}\right )}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx}{2 \sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 a^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 27 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {3}{2} \sqrt [3]{a} \int \frac {1}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx+\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx}{3 a^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1082 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx-\frac {3 \int \frac {1}{-\left (\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}+1\right )^2-3}d\left (\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}+1\right )}{\sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 a^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 217 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {1}{2} \int \frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x+\sqrt [3]{a}}{b^{2/3} x^2+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+a^{2/3}}dx+\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 a^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
\(\Big \downarrow \) 1103 |
\(\displaystyle \frac {\frac {\log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{2 \sqrt [3]{b}}+\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\frac {2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}+1}{\sqrt {3}}\right )}{\sqrt [3]{b}}}{3 a^{2/3}}-\frac {\log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{2/3} \sqrt [3]{b}}\) |
-1/3*Log[a^(1/3) - b^(1/3)*x]/(a^(2/3)*b^(1/3)) + ((Sqrt[3]*ArcTan[(1 + (2 *b^(1/3)*x)/a^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]])/b^(1/3) + Log[a^(2/3) + a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2/3)*x^2]/(2*b^(1/3)))/(3*a^(2/3))
3.4.60.3.1 Defintions of rubi rules used
Int[(c_.)/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_)), x_Symbol] :> Simp[c*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[(a_)*(Fx_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[a Int[Fx, x], x] /; FreeQ[a, x] && !Ma tchQ[Fx, (b_)*(Gx_) /; FreeQ[b, x]]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(-(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2])^( -1))*ArcTan[Rt[-b, 2]*(x/Rt[-a, 2])], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] & & (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2) Int[1/ (Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x), x], x] + Simp[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2) Int[(2*Rt[a, 3] - Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3]^2*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]
Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*S implify[a*(c/b^2)]}, Simp[-2/b Subst[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + 2*c*(x/b )], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] || !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /; Fre eQ[{a, b, c}, x]
Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[d*(Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x + c*x^2, x]]/b), x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]
Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> S imp[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c) Int[1/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Simp[e/(2*c) Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x]
Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 3.66 (sec) , antiderivative size = 29, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.25
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (b \,\textit {\_Z}^{3}-a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (x -\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{2}}}{3 b}\) | \(29\) |
default | \(-\frac {\ln \left (x -\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}+\frac {\ln \left (x^{2}+\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} x +\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}+\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3}\, \left (\frac {2 x}{\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}+1\right )}{3}\right )}{3 b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}}\) | \(92\) |
Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 320, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.81 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx=\left [\frac {3 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} a b \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}} \log \left (\frac {2 \, a b x^{3} + 3 \, \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a x + a^{2} + 3 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (2 \, a b x^{2} - \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x + \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a\right )} \sqrt {\frac {\left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}}}{b x^{3} - a}\right ) + \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (a b x^{2} + \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x - \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a\right ) - 2 \, \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (a b x - \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, a^{2} b}, \frac {6 \, \sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} a b \sqrt {-\frac {\left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\frac {1}{3}} {\left (2 \, \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x - \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a\right )} \sqrt {-\frac {\left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}{b}}}{a^{2}}\right ) + \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (a b x^{2} + \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} x - \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} a\right ) - 2 \, \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}} \log \left (a b x - \left (-a^{2} b\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, a^{2} b}\right ] \]
[1/6*(3*sqrt(1/3)*a*b*sqrt((-a^2*b)^(1/3)/b)*log((2*a*b*x^3 + 3*(-a^2*b)^( 1/3)*a*x + a^2 + 3*sqrt(1/3)*(2*a*b*x^2 - (-a^2*b)^(2/3)*x + (-a^2*b)^(1/3 )*a)*sqrt((-a^2*b)^(1/3)/b))/(b*x^3 - a)) + (-a^2*b)^(2/3)*log(a*b*x^2 + ( -a^2*b)^(2/3)*x - (-a^2*b)^(1/3)*a) - 2*(-a^2*b)^(2/3)*log(a*b*x - (-a^2*b )^(2/3)))/(a^2*b), 1/6*(6*sqrt(1/3)*a*b*sqrt(-(-a^2*b)^(1/3)/b)*arctan(sqr t(1/3)*(2*(-a^2*b)^(2/3)*x - (-a^2*b)^(1/3)*a)*sqrt(-(-a^2*b)^(1/3)/b)/a^2 ) + (-a^2*b)^(2/3)*log(a*b*x^2 + (-a^2*b)^(2/3)*x - (-a^2*b)^(1/3)*a) - 2* (-a^2*b)^(2/3)*log(a*b*x - (-a^2*b)^(2/3)))/(a^2*b)]
Time = 0.07 (sec) , antiderivative size = 22, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.19 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx=- \operatorname {RootSum} {\left (27 t^{3} a^{2} b - 1, \left ( t \mapsto t \log {\left (- 3 t a + x \right )} \right )\right )} \]
Time = 0.29 (sec) , antiderivative size = 97, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.85 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {\sqrt {3} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{3 \, b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} + \frac {\log \left (x^{2} + x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} - \frac {\log \left (x - \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}{3 \, b \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}} \]
1/3*sqrt(3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + (a/b)^(1/3))/(a/b)^(1/3))/(b*(a/b)^( 2/3)) + 1/6*log(x^2 + x*(a/b)^(1/3) + (a/b)^(2/3))/(b*(a/b)^(2/3)) - 1/3*l og(x - (a/b)^(1/3))/(b*(a/b)^(2/3))
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 104, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.91 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx=-\frac {\left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left ({\left | x - \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \right |}\right )}{3 \, a} + \frac {\sqrt {3} \left (a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {3} {\left (2 \, x + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}}}\right )}{3 \, a b} + \frac {\left (a b^{2}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {1}{3}} + \left (\frac {a}{b}\right )^{\frac {2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, a b} \]
-1/3*(a/b)^(1/3)*log(abs(x - (a/b)^(1/3)))/a + 1/3*sqrt(3)*(a*b^2)^(1/3)*a rctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + (a/b)^(1/3))/(a/b)^(1/3))/(a*b) + 1/6*(a*b^2)^(1/ 3)*log(x^2 + x*(a/b)^(1/3) + (a/b)^(2/3))/(a*b)
Time = 5.68 (sec) , antiderivative size = 115, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01 \[ \int \frac {1}{a-b x^3} \, dx=\frac {\ln \left (a^{1/3}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{5/3}+b^2\,x\right )}{3\,a^{2/3}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}}+\frac {\ln \left (3\,b^2\,x+\frac {3\,a^{1/3}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{5/3}\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2}\right )\,\left (-1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{6\,a^{2/3}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}}-\frac {\ln \left (3\,b^2\,x-\frac {3\,a^{1/3}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{5/3}\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{2}\right )\,\left (1+\sqrt {3}\,1{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{6\,a^{2/3}\,{\left (-b\right )}^{1/3}} \]